Journal of Space Science and Experiment >
Origins of Lunar Metallic Iron Revealed by Lunar Glasses in Chang'e-5 Samples
Online published: 2024-12-14
Copyright
Space weathering, including micrometeorite impacts and solar wind irradiation, leads to the formation of metallic iron particles that range in size from nanometers to micrometers. These particles are commonly found on the surfaces of airless bodies, such as the Moon. Their presence significantly alters the spectral properties of the lunar surface, and the resultant optical effects vary depending on the particle size, making accurate interpretation of remote sensing data challenging. Despite decades of research, the formation mechanisms of metallic iron particles of different sizes remain unresolved. In this study, we conducted a systematic microscopic analysis of glasses from China's Chang'e-5 lunar soil samples, focusing on impact glass beads with well-defined impact origins and rotational features. We successfully distinguish large and small metallic iron particles formed before and after the solidification of these glass beads, clarifying them as products of micrometeorite impacts and solar wind irradiation, respectively. This research highlights the distinct roles of impacts and irradiation in space weathering, enhancing our understanding of the interaction between space environments and the lunar surface, and offering valuable insights for predicting weathering behavior under different space conditions.
Chao CHANG , Rui ZHAO , Laiquan SHEN , Haiyang BAI , Weihua WANG . Origins of Lunar Metallic Iron Revealed by Lunar Glasses in Chang'e-5 Samples[J]. Journal of Space Science and Experiment, 2024 , 1(3) : 17 -25 . DOI: 10.19963/j.cnki.2097-4302.2024.03.003
| 1 |
PIETERS C M, TAYLOR L A, NOBLE S K, et al. Space weathering on airless bodies: Resolving a mystery with lunar samples[J]. Meteoritics & Planetary Science, 2000, 35 (5): 1101- 1107.
|
| 2 |
NOGUCHI T, NAKAMURA T, KIMURA M, et al. Incipient space weathering observed on the surface of Itokawa dust particles[J]. Science, 2011, 333 (6046): 1121- 1125.
|
| 3 |
PIETERS C M, NOBLE S K. Space weathering on airless bodies[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets, 2016, 121 (10): 1865- 1884.
|
| 4 |
ADAMS J B, JONES R L. Spectral reflectivity of lunar samples[J]. Science, 1970, 167 (3918): 737- 739.
|
| 5 |
CONEL J E,NASH D B. Spectral reflectance and albedo of Apollo 11 lunar samples:Effects of irradiation and vitrification and comparison with telescopic observations [C]. Apollo 11 Lunar Science Conference,1970.
|
| 6 |
ADAMS J B, MCCORD T B. Alteration of lunar optical properties: Age and composition effects[J]. Science, 1971, 171 (3971): 567- 571.
|
| 7 |
NOBLE S K, PIETERS C M, KELLER L P. An experimental approach to understanding the optical effects of space weathering[J]. Icarus, 2007, 192 (2): 629- 642.
|
| 8 |
LUCEY P G, RINER M A. The optical effects of small iron particles that darken but do not redden: Evidence of intense space weathering on Mercury[J]. Icarus, 2011, 212 (2): 451- 462.
|
| 9 |
KELLER L P, MCKAY D S. Discovery of vapor deposits in the lunar regolith[J]. Science, 1993, 261 (5126): 1305- 1307.
|
| 10 |
KELLER L P, MCKAY D S. The nature and origin of rims on lunar soil grains[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 1997, 61 (11): 2331- 2341.
|
| 11 |
VERNAZZA P, BINZEL R P, ROSSI A, et al. Solar wind as the origin of rapid reddening of asteroid surfaces[J]. Nature, 2009, 458 (7241): 993- 995.
|
| 12 |
GLOTCH T D, BANDFIELD J L, LUCEY P G, et al. Formation of lunar swirls by magnetic field standoff of the solar wind[J]. Nature Communications, 2015, 6 (1): 1- 8.
|
| 13 |
HEMINGWAY D J, GARRICK-BETHELL I, KRESLAVSKY M A. Latitudinal variation in spectral properties of the lunar maria and implications for space weathering[J]. Icarus, 2015, 261, 66- 79.
|
| 14 |
SIM C K, KIM S S, LUCEY P G, et al. Asymmetric space weathering on lunar crater walls[J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 2017, 44 (22): 11273- 11281.
|
| 15 |
TRANG D, LUCEY P G. Improved space weathering maps of the lunar surface through radiative transfer modeling of Kaguya multiband imager data[J]. Icarus, 2019, 321, 307- 323.
|
| 16 |
BLEWETT D T,DENEVI B W,CAHILL J T S,et al. Near-UV and near-IR reflectance studies of lunar swirls:Implications for nanosize iron content and the nature of anomalous space weathering [J]. Icarus,2021,364:ARTN114472-114492.
|
| 17 |
LI C L, HU H, YANG M F, et al. Characteristics of the lunar samples returned by the Chang'E-5 mission[J]. National Science Review, 2022, 9 (2): nwab188.
|
| 18 |
ZHAO R, SHEN L, XIAO D, et al. Diverse glasses revealed from Chang'E-5 lunar regolith[J]. National Science Review, 2023, 10 (12): nwad079.
|
| 19 |
SHEN L, ZHAO R, CHANG C, et al. Separate effects of irradiation and impacts on lunar metallic iron formation observed in Chang'e-5 samples[J]. Nature Astronomy, 2024, 8, 1110- 1118.
|
| 20 |
MUELLER G, HINSCH G W. Glassy particles in lunar fines[J]. Nature, 1970, 228 (5268): 254- 258.
|
| 21 |
PUGH M J. Rotation of lunar dumbbell-shaped globules during formation[J]. Nature, 1972, 237 (5351): 158- 159.
|
| 22 |
CHERNYAK Y B, NUSSINOV M D. On the mechanisms of lunar regolith glass particle formation[J]. Nature, 1976, 261 (5562): 664- 666.
|
| 23 |
BASTIN J A. Rotating lunar globules[J]. Nature, 1980, 283 (5742): 108.
|
| 24 |
BINDI L, SHIM S H, SHARP T G, et al. Evidence for the charge disproportionation of iron in extraterrestrial bridgmanite[J]. Science Advances, 2020, 6 (2): eaay7893.
|
| 25 |
LI C, GUO Z, LI Y, et al. Impact-driven disproportionation origin of nanophase iron particles in Chang'e-5 lunar soil sample[J]. Nature Astronomy, 2022, 6, 1156- 1162.
|
| 26 |
XIAN H Y,ZHU J X,YANG Y P,et al. Ubiquitous and progressively increasing ferric iron content on the lunar surfaces revealed by the Chang'e-5 sample [J]. Nature Astronomy,2023:1-7.
|
| 27 |
BRETT R. Reduction of mare basalts by sulfur loss[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 1976, 40 (9): 997- 1004.
|
| 28 |
HEIKEN G H,VANIMAN D T,FRENCH B M. Lunar sourcebook:A user's guide to the Moon [M]. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1991.
|
| 29 |
BIBRING J P, DURAUD J P, DURRIEU L, et al. Ultrathin amorphous coatings on lunar dust grains[J]. Science, 1972, 175 (4023): 753- 755.
|
| 30 |
XU Y C, TIAN H C, ZHANG C, et al. High abundance of solar wind-derived water in lunar soils from the middle latitude[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2022, 119 (51): e2214395119.
|
| 31 |
ZHOU C J, TANG H, LI X Y, et al. Chang'E-5 samples reveal high water content in lunar minerals[J]. Nature Communications, 2022, 13 (1): 5336.
|
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |