0 引言
1 月震的形成与特点
| 年份 | 日期 | 纬度/(°) | 经度/(°) | 月震矩/Mo(N·m) | 矩震级/Mw |
| 1971 | 107 | 48 | 35 | 4.4×1014 | 3.7 |
| 140 | 42 | −24 | 6.6×1013 | 3.2 | |
| 192 | 43 | −47 | 5.2×1013 | 3.1 | |
| 1972 | 2 | 54 | 101 | 2.3×1014 | 3.5 |
| 261 | 12 | 46 | 1.1×1013 | 2.7 | |
| 341 | 51 | 45 | 1.9×1013 | 2.8 | |
| 344 | −20 | −80 | 1.2×1013 | 2.7 | |
| 1973 | 39 | 33 | 35 | 5.5×1012 | 2.5 |
| 72 | −84 | −134 | 6.6×1014 | 3.8 | |
| 171 | −1 | −71 | 1.3×1014 | 3.4 | |
| 274 | −37 | −29 | 3.4×1013 | 3.0 | |
| 1974 | 54 | 36 | −16 | 4.7×1012 | 2.4 |
| 86 | −48 | −106 | 1.5×1013 | 2.8 | |
| 109 | −37 | 42 | 1.0×1013 | 2.6 | |
| 149 | − | − | 6.3×1013 | 3.2 | |
| 192 | 21 | 88 | 2.5×1014 | 3.6 | |
| 1975 | 3 | 29 | 98 | 1.6×1015 | 4.1 |
| 12 | 75 | 40 | 1.1×1014 | 3.3 | |
| 13 | −2 | −51 | 1.0×1013 | 2.6 | |
| 44 | −19 | −26 | 1.9×1013 | 2.8 | |
| 127 | −49 | −45 | 2.9×1013 | 2.9 | |
| 147 | 3 | −58 | 2.3×1013 | 2.9 | |
| 314 | −8 | 64 | 4.8×1013 | 3.1 | |
| 1976 | 4 | 50 | 30 | 4.2×1013 | 3.0 |
| 12 | 38 | 44 | 1.1×1014 | 3.3 | |
| 66 | 50 | −20 | 3.0×1014 | 3.6 | |
| 68 | −19 | −12 | 5.6×1013 | 3.1 | |
| 137 | 77 | −10 | 1.3×1013 | 2.7 |
2 月震监测与数据分析方法
2.1 月震监测方法
| 台站 | 经、纬度 | 工作开始时间 | 工作终止时间 |
| Apollo 11 | 0.67°S,23.49°E | 1969.7.21 | 1969.8.27 |
| Apollo 12 | 3.04°S,23.42°E | 1969.11.19 | 1977.9.30 |
| Apollo 14 | 3.65°S,17.48°E | 1971.2.5 | 1977.9.30 |
| Apollo 15 | 26.08°S,3.66°E | 1971.7.31 | 1977.9.30 |
| Apollo 16 | 8.97°S,5.51°E | 1972.4.21 | 1977.9.30 |
| Apollo 17 | 20.17°S,30.77°E | 1972.12.12 | 1977.9.30 |
2.2 月震数据分析方法
3 月震对月球基地典型结构的影响分析
3.1 对拱形结构的影响分析
图 7 EVTA(蓝色)与对应CTA(灰色)的示意图(a) 、推覆分析中EVTA的首次失效点(红色)(b) 和 EVTA的加速器时程记录点和加速度时程图(c)[33]Fig.7 Schematic of EVTA (blue) and corresponding CTA (gray) (a),first failure point of EVTA in pushover analysis (red) (b) and the points of the recorded acceleration time-histories and the recorded acceleration time-histories of EVTA (c)[33] |
3.2 对穹顶结构的影响分析
图 9 圆筒状穹顶结构的有限元模型(a) 、重现期为75年的浅源月震产生的拉应力分布(b) 和按75年CMS缩放的由地面运动产生的典型拉伸塑性应变分布(c)[32]Fig.9 Finite element modeling of cylindrical dome structures (a),spatial distribution of tensile stresses generated by shallow moonquakes with a return period of 75 years (b) and typical tensile plastic strains distribution generated by ground motion scaled to conditional mean spectrum of 75 years (c)[32] |
3.3 对熔岩管结构的影响分析
图 10 熔岩管深度对月表月震响应的影响 (a) 、熔岩管深度与内壁DSCF的关系(b) 和月球与地球条件下熔岩管内壁DSCF的比较(c)[52]Fig.10 Effect of lava tube burial depth on the surface seismic response (a), relationships of lava tube depth and the DSCF along the interior ring (b) and comparison of the DSCF along the interior wall of lava tubes on the Moon and Earth conditions(c)[52] |