小行星撞击地球的风险是人类共同面临的威胁,对其进行有效防御和处置应对措施受到国际社会的高度关注。小行星防御的相关研究不仅关乎人类文明存续和发展,其在前沿科学创新、工程技术发展引领方面也具有重要意义。本文对目前国际上已经或者正在实施的小行星撞击任务进行概述,对小行星撞击防御任务的特点进行了分析,在此基础上,提出了“伴飞观测+撞击+伴飞观测”的小行星撞击防御演示验证任务方案,对任务方案、关键环节设计以及关键技术进行阐述。
The risk of asteroid impact on the Earth is a common threat to mankind, and effective prevention and disposal measures against it have attracted great attention from the international community.Research on asteroid defense not only concerns the survival and development of human civilization, but also plays an important role in frontier scientific innovation and engineering technology development.This paper summarizes the asteroid impact missions that have been or are being implemented in the world, and analyzes the characteristics of asteroid impact defense missions.On this basis, a demonstration and verification mission plan of “accompanying observation+impact+accompanying observation” is proposed, and the mission plan, design of important links and key technologies are elaborated.
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