小天体高速撞击溅射的接近观测风险分析

  • 焦艺菲 ,
  • 程彬 ,
  • 宝音贺西
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  • 1.清华大学航天航空学院,北京 100084;
    2.内蒙古工业大学,呼和浩特 010051
焦艺菲(1998—),男,博士生,研究方向为小天体动力学与控制。电子邮箱:jiaoyf20@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn
程彬(1995—),男,博士后,研究方向为小天体动力学与控制。 电子邮箱:bincheng@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn;宝音贺西(1972—),男,教授,研究方向为航空系统工程、行星际任务分析、卫星控制、非线性动力学等。 电子邮箱:baoyin@tsinghua.edu.cn

网络出版日期: 2023-12-11

Proximity Observation Risk for Hypervelocity Impact and Ejecta Evolution on Small Bodies

  • JIAO Yi-fei ,
  • CHENG Bin ,
  • BAOYIN Hexi
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  • 1. School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;
    2. Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China

Online published: 2023-12-11

摘要

目前发现的近地小天体数以万计,它们可能与地球相撞并引发区域级的灾难,使用航天器高速撞击小天体使其偏离轨道是目前防御小天体的最有效可行的手段之一,而对撞击过程进行抵近观测是理解撞击机理、评估防御效能的关键环节,但该过程所溅射出的大量高速碎片将对接近观测的安全性构成严重威胁。本文使用完全自主知识产权的小天体高速撞击数值模拟软件THU-SPHSOL对撞击过程进行数值仿真研究,结合我国即将开展的小行星撞击防御任务和接近观测的安全性需求,研究了均质岩石小天体的高速撞击溅射过程,以及不同撞击角度对溅射结果的影响,分析了高速溅射碎片的空间分布情况和观测相机的安全区域。研究结果将为我国即将开展的小行星撞击防御任务提供重要参考。

本文引用格式

焦艺菲 , 程彬 , 宝音贺西 . 小天体高速撞击溅射的接近观测风险分析[J]. 空间科学与试验学报, 2022 , 22(3) : 37 -45 . DOI: 10.19963/j.cnki.2096-4099.2022.03.005

Abstract

Tens of thousands of near Earth objects have been observed, which are possible to cause Earth impact events and regional disasters.A kinetic impactor is recognized as one of the most effective and feasible solutions to defend against small bodies.Proximity observations are of great importance for us to understand the hypervelocity-impact mechanism and evaluate the final deflection efficiency, which is threatened by high-speed ejected fragments seriously.In this paper, we use the THU-SPHSOL code, which is developed to simulate hypervelocity impacts on small bodies, to investigate the impact and eject process of homogenous rocky targets, considering various impact angles.Then we analyze the spatial distributions of high-speed ejecta and the safe zones for a proximity camera.The results should provide guidance for the future asteroid defense mission of China.

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