近地小天体具有目标特性不明显、发现困难,轨道周期不确定、难以预测等特点。近年来,随着航天技术的持续发展,近地小天体撞击地球风险分析及在轨处置等问题成为了空间科学领域的研究热点。通过动能撞击方式对小天体进行拦截及偏转的模式是在轨应急处置的有效手段,本文对此开展研究,提出了目标识别与制导控制方案,采用基于边缘提取的形心定位方法确定目标视线矢量,采用改进比例导引方法实现对目标的精确撞击,并搭建了半实物仿真平台,对目标识别算法、制导控制算法的有效性进行验证评估。

NEOs have the characteristics of inconspicuous target features,uncertain orbital period,and difficult to discover and predict.In recent years,with the continuous development of aerospace technology,problems such as the risk analysis of NEOs impacting the Earth and their disposal on orbit have become a research hotspot in the field of space science.The mode of intercepting and deflecting NEOs by kinetic impactor is an effective approach of on-orbit emergency disposal.In this paper,the research on these problems is carried out,and a target recognition and guidance control scheme is proposed.The centroid positioning method based on edge extraction is used to determine the target line of sight vector,and the advanced proportional guidance law is used to achieve accurate impact on the target,and a hardware-in-the-loop simulation platform is built.The effectiveness of target recognition algorithm and guidance control algorithm is verified and evaluated.